AUSTIN, Texas — Fugitive secrets-leaker Edward Snowden made a rare video appearance Monday at the South by Southwest Interactive Festival in Austin, Texas, condemning mass government surveillance and urging members of the tech-savvy audience to take action against it.

Speaking from Russia, where he was granted asylum, the former National Security Agency contractor said “absolutely, yes” he would leak secret government information again. Snowden has been charged with espionage for releasing a trove of intelligence-gathering secrets.

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Edward Snowden talks during a simulcast conversation during the SXSW Interactive Festival on Monday in Austin, Texas. Snowden talked with American Civil Liberties Union’s principal technologist Christopher Soghoian, and answered tweeted questions. The Associated Press

In an hourlong talk he said that the U.S. government’s mass surveillance failed to catch the Boston Marathon bombers and warned that governments have created an adversarial climate on the Internet.

“They’re setting fire to the global Internet, and you guys in the room are the global firefighters,” Snowden said.

Snowden appeared against a backdrop of the U.S. Constitution with “We the people” written in large letters. The video feed was broadcast on a large screen before several thousand credentialed festival attendees in two conference halls and streamed live online.

Moderating the discussion in Austin were Snowden’s American Civil Liberties Union attorney, Ben Wizner, and Christopher Soghoian, principal technologist with the American Civil Liberties Union’s Speech, Privacy and Technology Project.

Snowden took questions from moderators and those relayed from spectators in the United States and overseas through tweets to #asksnowden.

The first question came from Timothy John Berners-Lee, a British scientist known as the inventor of the World Wide Web, who asked Snowden how he would create an accountability system for governance.

“We have an oversight model that could work. The problem is when the overseers are not interested in oversight,” Snowden said. “The key factor is accountability.”

“We need public advocates, public representatives, public oversight,” he said, including “a watchdog that watches Congress.”

He believed the lack of accountability will have international consequences.

“If we allow the NSA to continue unrestrained, every other government will accept that as a green light to do the same,” he said.

Soghoian praised Snowden for leaking evidence of government surveillance of private communications and holding the companies who were complicit accountable.

“We have Ed to thank for that,” he said, to loud applause.

Snowden said he was not against businesses such as Facebook and Google collecting data – responsibly.

“You should only collect the data and hold it as long as necessary for the nature of the business,” he said.

He said he had no regrets about leaking classified information.

“I took an oath to support and defend the Constitution,” Snowden said, “The interpretation of the Constitution had been changed in secret from no unreasonable search and seizure to any seizure is fine.”

Because of his leaks, he said, “we’re going to have a better civic interaction as a result of understanding what’s being done in our name.”

Wizner noted during Snowden’s appearance that Rep. Mike Pompeo, R-Kan., wrote to organizers beforehand urging them to cancel the event, saying that “the ACLU would surely concede that freedom of expression for Mr. Snowden has declined since he left American soil.”

“If there’s one person for whom that is not true, it’s Ed Snowden,” Wizner said.

Snowden has kept a low profile of late – he faces felony charges of espionage and theft of government property – and has said he won’t return until the United States changes its whistle-blower-protection laws.

U.S. Attorney General Eric H. Holder has taken a strong stand against granting amnesty to Snowden, saying he caused harm to national security and should be held accountable for his actions. Holder has described him as a defendant, not a whistle-blower.

Barton Gellman, a Washington Post reporter who has worked with Snowden, released a video of his own ahead of Snowden’s Monday appearance. He said Snowden wanted to speak with “the people who are building and creating the next generation of the Internet” because “technologists” are “a group he wants to influence.”

“He’s looking for places where there can be reform” to “practices that he regards as overbroad and overly-intrusive,” Gellman said.

The annual South by Southwest Festival, or SXSW, draws tens of thousands of people to Austin, with privacy and government surveillance a focus for the tech crowd’s five-day gathering this year.

On Saturday, the festival hosted an hourlong video feed discussions with WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, who helped Snowden publish stolen NSA documents.

Speaking over Skype from the Ecuadorian embassy in London, Assange hinted at forthcoming leaks and blasted the Obama administration for not taking Snowden’s revelations more seriously.

Journalist Glenn Greenwald, who has worked with Snowden, was also scheduled to appear in person at the festival Monday afternoon.

“SXSW agrees that a healthy debate with regards to the limits of surveillance is vital to the future of the online ecosystem,” festival organizers said in a statement.

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